Role of sirtuins in esophageal cancer: Current status and future prospects

Table 2 Roles of sirtuins in esophageal cancer

	Type	Role	Effect	Ref.
SIRT1	ESCC	Promotor	Suppression of SIRT1 inhibits cell proliferation, cell migration, and EMT in ESCC cell line	[22,23]
			SIRT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis	[23-27,34]
			SIRT1 enhances chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy resistance	[29-32]
			Rapamycin suppresses cell viability, migration, invasion by negatively regulating SIRT1	[35]
	EAC		SIRT1 is associated with poor overall survival	[28]
			SIRT1 is a useful biomarker for high-grade dysplasia and cancer of Barrett's esophagus	[33]
			Sirtinol, SIRT1 inhibitor, inhibits cell viability, affects proliferation in the long term, and potentially suppresses resistant and recurrent tumors under hypoxic conditions	[36]
SIRT2	ESCC	Promotor	SIRT2 expression was associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, poor progression-free survival, and overall survival	[47]
	EAC	Suppressor	Dysregulation of SIRT2 is associated with poor prognosis	[48,49]
SIRT3	ESCC	Promotor	Serum SIRT3 levels are higher in ESCC patients compared to those in the control subjects	[63]
			SIRT3 induces the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis	[64]
			High SIRT3 expression is associated with poor survival outcome	[65,66]
	EAC		No report
SIRT4	ESCC	Suppressor	SIRT4 rescues the promoting effect of miR-424-5p on ESCC cell proliferation and migration	[76]
			Low SIRT4 expression is associated with a high distant recurrence rate and poor prognosis, and in vitro, knockdown of SIRT4 promotes cell proliferation and migration	[77]
	EAC		No report
SIRT5	ESCC		No report
	EAC
SIRT6	ESCC	Promotor	SIRT 6 is overexpressed in ESCC tissues and that it also promotes cell proliferation and induces the expression of Bcl2, an important anti-apoptotic factor, and autophagy in ESCC cells	[102]
	EAC		No report
SIRT7	ESCC		No report
	EAC

EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; SIRT: Sirtuin.