Molecular regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in gastrointestinal oncology: Progress and updates

Table 2 Common ferroptosis inhibitors

Target	Inhibitors	Function	Ref.
Lipid peroxidation	Vitamin E, α-tocopherol, trolox, tocotrienols	Block propagation of lipid peroxidation, may inhibit lipoxygenases	[7]
	Deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids	Block initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation	[7]
	Butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole	Block lipid peroxidation	[7]
	Ferrostatins, liproxstatins	Scavenge ROS and inhibit lipid peroxidation; regulate the expression of oxidation-related proteins	[7]
	CoQ10, idebenone	Block lipid peroxidation	[7]
	Baicalein, PD-146176, AA-861, zileuton	Block lipoxygenase-induced lipid peroxidation	[7]
	Troglitazone	Specifically inhibits ACSL4	[12]
	Zileuton	Specifically inhibits LOX	[113]
	Vildagliptin, alogliptin, linagliptin	Block DPP4-mediated lipid peroxidation	[7,49]
Iron	Deferoxamine, cyclipirox, deferiprone	Deplete iron and prevent iron-dependent lipid peroxidation	[7]
	Nitrogen oxides	Block the Fenton reaction and inhibit the production of hydroxyl radicals	[114]
	Curcumin	Chelates iron to reduce iron accumulation; activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway	[115]

ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthase long-chain family member 4; LOX: Lipoxygenase; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.