Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2021; 13(4): 197-215
Published online Apr 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i4.197
Table 1 Non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Type of biomarker
Examples
ProteinsAFP; DCP; GALAD score; HES algorithm; ASAP model
MetabolitesA panel based on phenylalanyl-tryptophan and glycocholate
Circulating cell-free DNAsSomatic mutations; DNA methylation; 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Circulating non-coding RNAsMicro-RNAs (mirR-125b, miR-122, and miR-21); Circular RNAs; Long non-coding RNAs; Exosomal non-coding RNAs