Cholecystectomy reduces subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk in choledocholithiasis patients undergoing endoscopic intervention

Table 1 Comparisons of choledocholithiasis patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, endoscopic sphincterotomy/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation and cholecystectomy, and no intervention

	ES/EPBD, n = 511, n (SD; %)	ES/EPBD and CCY, n = 100, n (SD; %)	Without intervention, n = 1485, n (SD; %)	P value
Age, mean (SD)	67.44 (15.23)	59.96 (16.87)	66.16 (16.02)	< 0.001
Age, yr
18-49	40.08 (6.91)	39.13 (8.43)	39.48 (6.76)
50-69	60.48 (5.43)	58.21 (5.88)	60.14 (5.55)
> 70	79.45 (6.02)	77.58 (4.71)	79.89 (6.43)
Gender				0.450
Male	282 (55.19)	49 (49.00)	824 (55.49)
Female	229 (44.81)	51 (51.00)	661 (44.51)
Follow-up time (mo), mean (SD)	42.77 (22.20)	47.91 (20.86)	36.14 (24.87)	< 0.001
Economic status				0.445
MBS	292 (57.14)	54 (54.00)	867 (58.38)
1-3 times MBS	189 (36.99)	36 (36.00)	536 (36.09)
Above 3 times MBS	29 (5.68)	10 (10.00)	82 (5.52)
Place of residence				0.154
City	288 (56.36)	68 (68.00)	900 (60.61)
Countryside	213 (41.68)	31 (31.00)	551 (37.10)
Remote village	9 (1.76)	1 (1.00)	33 (2.22)
Comorbidity
CHB	50 (9.78)	3 (3.00)	154 (10.37)	0.057
CHC	23 (4.50)	5 (5.00)	103 (6.94)	0.127
DM	172 (33.66)	29 (29.00)	504 (33.94)	0.599
ESRD	8 (1.57)	1 (1.00)	32 (2.15)	0.552
CCDL	12 (2.35)	2 (2.00)	20 (1.35)	0.289
CO	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1.000
IBD	8 (1.57)	0 (0.00)	32 (2.15)	0.253
Cholangiocarcinoma
Number of CC	39 (7.63)	4 (4.00)	90 (6.06)	0.279
Number of CC after first 18 mo	12 (2.35)	1 (1.00)	11 (0.74)	0.013
Hazard ratio	3.45 (1.52-7.82)	1.31 (0.17-10.13)	1.00	0.012
Time to diagnosis of CC (excluding case in first 18 mo), month	39.71 (18.93)	25.12 (0.00)	43.27 (17.98)	0.624
Overall mortality rate	146 (28.57)	12 (12.00)	596 (40.13)	< 0.001

ES: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; CCY: Cholecystectomy; SD: Standard deviation; MBS: Minimum basic salary; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; CHC: Chronic hepatitis C; HP: Helicobacter infection; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; CCDL: Congenital cystic disease of liver; CO: Clonorchis/Opisthorchis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CC: Cholangiocarcinoma.