Minimally invasive vs open pancreatectomy for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of resected nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Variable	Finding
Age in yr, median (range)	56.0 (46.0–63.0)
Male, n (%)	51 (46.4)
BMI in kg/m², median (range)	24.1 (22.1–26.3)
ASA, grade, n (%)
I	30 (27.3)
II	59 (53.6)
III	21 (19.1)
Diabetes, preoperative, n (%)	20 (18.2)
Pancreatic tumor location, n (%)
Head	41 (35.7)
Neck	6 (5.2)
Body	26 (22.6)
Tail	42 (36.5)
Type of surgery, n (%)
Distal pancreatectomy	51 (46.4)
Enucleation	22 (20.0)
Central pancreatectomy	7 (6.4)
Pylorus-preservingpancreaticoduodenectomy	21 (19.1)
Total pancreatectomy	9 (8.2)
MIS or open, n (%)
MIS	62 (56.4)
Open	48 (43.6)
Post-operative length of stay in d, median (range)	11.5 (8.0–17.0)
Clavien-Dindo grade, n (%)
0: no complications	58 (52.7)
I	35 (31.8)
II	8 (7.3)
IIIa	5 (4.5)
IIIb	3 (2.7)
IVa	1 (0.9)
IVb	0 (0)
POPF by ISGPF
Grade A	47 (40.9%)
Grade B	6 (5.2%)
Grade C	0 (0%)
DGE by ISGPS
Grade A	18 (15.7%)
Grade B	1 (0.9%)
Grade C	0 (0%)
Resection margin status, n (%)
R0	97 (88.2)
R1	5 (4.5)
R2	8 (7.3)
Pathological tumor size in cm, median (range)	1.8 (1.2–3.2)
T stage by ENETS classification
T1	56 (50.9%)
T2	18 (16.4%)
T3	36 (32.7%)
T4	0 (0.0%)
N status
Negative	57 (51.9%)
Positive	9 (8.1%)
No lymphadenectomy	44 (40.0%)
Metastasis present, n (%)	5 (4.5)
2010 WHO classification grade, n (%)
G1	78 (70.9)
G2	27 (24.54)
G3	4 (3.63)
Unknown	1 (0.9)

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; ENETS: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society; ISGPS: International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery; ISGPF: International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula; POPF: Post-operative pancreatic fistulae; WHO: World Health Organization.