Precision medicine for gastrointestinal cancer: Recent progress and future perspective

Table 3 Current progress of multiplex gene panels in gastrointestinal cancer

Organs	Panel tested	Number of genes tested	Number of patients	The type of sample	Companion diagnostic indications	Ref.
EC	HiSeq2000	N/A	144	Tumor tissue DNA	CCND1, CDKN2A, FBXW7, MLL2, EP300, CREBBP, TET2, NOTCH1, NOTCH3, FAT1, YAP1, AJUBA, PIK3CA, EGFR, ERBB2	Sawada et al[44], 2016
EC	Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel	168miRNA	140	Serum miRNA	miR-20b-5p, miR-28-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-296-5p	Huang et al[50], 2017
EC	Ion AmpliSeq Custom DNA Panel	12	27	Tumor tissue/Serum DNA	BRAF, DDR2, ERBB2, HRAS, KEAP1, KRAS, NFE2L2, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, RHOA	Pasternack et al[112], 2018
GC	Illumina HiSeq 2000	38	138	Tumor tissue DNA	RHOA, CDH1, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, APC, ARID1A, KMT2C, KRAS	Kakiuchi et al[42], 2014
GC	Illumina HiSeq 2000	N/A	100	Tumor tissue DNA	ARID1A, CDH1, MUC6, CTNNA2, GLI3, RNF43, RHOA	Wang et al[43], 2014
GC	CANCERPLEX	435	207	Tumor tissue DNA	ARID1A, CDH1, ERBB2, CCNE1, KRAS	Ichikawa et al[41], 2017
GC	Ion-Proton sequencer	50	29	Tumor tissue DNA	APC, CTNNB, KRAS, NPM1, FBXW7 ERBB2, FGFR2, KIT	Yoshida et al[113], 2019
CRC	CANCERPLEX	415	201	Tumor tissue DNA	ERBB2, APC, CDKN2A, NRAS, ATM, BLM, BRCA2, NBN, NRE11A	Nagahashi et al[39], 2016
CRC	IT-PGM seqencing	22	77	Tumor tissue DNA	RAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, BRAF, SMAD4, MET, FGFR1	Capalbo et al [114], 2019
CRC	OncoAim™ DNA panel	39	648	Tumor tissue DNA	KRAS, APC, PIK3CA, SMAD4, BRAF, FBXW7, NRAS	Wang et al[115], 2018
CRC	MiSeq	207	22	Tumor tissue DNA	KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, PTEN, SMAD4, BRAF, CTNNB1, NRAS	Gao et al[116], 2019
CRC	cfDNA panel	14	101	Plasma cfDNA	AKT1, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, FBXW7, GNAS, KRAS, MAP2K1, NRAS, PIK3CA, SMAD4, APC,	Osumi et al, 2018
CRC	TruSight Cancer Sequencing Panel	42	N/A	Blood ctDNA	MLH1, MSH6, PMS2 APC, SMAD4, TP53, BRIP1, CHEK2, MUTYH, HNF1A, XPC	Seifert et al[117], 2019

TP53 was commonly implicated in all references except 28035762, 30297788 and 30523343 (PMID)[50,112,117]. EC: Esophageal cancer; GC: Gastric cancer; CRC: Colorectal cancer; NGS: Next-generation sequencing; FFPE: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; N/A: Not available; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; MSI: Microsatellite instability; NGS: Next-generation sequencing.