Advancing hemostasis: A meta-analysis of novel vs conventional endoscopic therapies for non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Figure 5 Pairwise meta-analysis comparing over-the-scope clips, hemostatic powders, and conventional therapy across six clinical outcomes. OR with 95%CI are presented for each outcome. Comparisons include over-the-scope clips (OTSC) vs computed tomography (CT) (blue), hemostatic powder (HP) vs CT (green), and OTSC vs HP (red). The vertical dashed line represents an OR of 1, indicating no difference between groups. OTSC: Over-the-scope clips; HP: Hemostatic powder; CT: Computed tomography.