Changing trends in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in Ethiopia: A comparison of eighteen thousand exams across two periods

Table 2 Common endoscopic findings among Ethiopian patients (1979-1994 and 2016-2024), n (%)

Endoscopic findings	1979-1994 (corrected n = 9441)[15]				2016-2024 (corrected n = 6427)
	Male	Female	Total	Percent	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Ulcer diseases (DU + GU)	2377	741	3118	33.0	328	147	475	7.4
Duodenal luminal deformity (scar) and pyloric stenosis	908	322	1230	13.0	102	36	138	2.1
Gastroduodenitis1	635	338	973	10.3	483	424	907	14.1
Gastroesophageal varices	632	269	901	9.5	977	427	1404	21.8
Gastric mass lesion	160	98	258	2.7	284	207	491	7.6
Esophagitis	152	81	233	2.5	166	151	317	5.0
Esophageal mass lesion	52	34	86	0.9	335	385	720	11.2
Hiatal hernia	78	14	92	1.0	102	108	210	3.3
Achalasia	31	19	50	0.5	55	35	90	1.4
stricture	19	8	27	0.3	107	111	218	3.4
Miscellaneous (others)	146	75	221	2.3	202	177	379	6.0
Normal	1210	1042	2252	24.0	460	539	999	115.5
Total	6400	3041	9441	100	3648	2779	6427	100

¹Gastropathy in 2016-2024 cohort.

DU: Duodenal ulcer; GU: Gastric ulcer.