Endoscopic applications of magnets for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases

Figure 4 Magnetic compression anastomosis for biliary obstruction[34]. A: Simultaneous percutaneous and balloon-occluded cholangiography shows the details of biliary obstruction; B: Two magnets were placed in the two sides of the obstruction (through the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, respectively); C: The coupling of the two magnets together and recanalization with stricture were achieved; D: Complete resolution of the stricture was achieved after periodical balloon dilation and insertion of multiple plastic biliary stents. Used with permission from Elsevier.