Endoscopic management of colorectal polyps: From benign to malignant polyps

Figure 1 The Paris endoscopic classification of colorectal polyps. Adapted from[23].

Figure 2 Lateral spreading tumor. A: Lateral spreading tumor with granular surface; B: Lateral spreading tumor non-granular type highlighted by arrows.

Figure 3 Kudo classification of pit pattern (Adapted from Kudo et al[33]).

Figure 4 Haggitt classification system of pedunculated polyps (Adapted from Haggitt et al[35]). This system categorizes polyps into five levels (level 0 to 4) based on the degree of invasion. In this illustration, an adenocarcinoma confined to the head of the polyp would be classified as Level 1.

Figure 5 Kudo and Kikuchi classification (adapted from Kikuchi et al[37]). Depth of submucosal invasion is divided into Sm¹ (invasion into the upper third of the submucosa), Sm² (invasion into the middle third), Sm³ (invasion into the lower third). In this illustration, the adenocarcinoma is a superficial lesion with Sm1 invasion.

Figure 6 Decision tree algorithm for the evaluation and management of colorectal polyps.