Published online Dec 16, 2023. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i12.715
Peer-review started: September 5, 2023
First decision: September 29, 2023
Revised: October 17, 2023
Accepted: November 13, 2023
Article in press: November 13, 2023
Published online: December 16, 2023
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) frequency have changed and are continuing to change in the United States (US).
To determine EAC/ESCC incidence among the 3 main US racial groups and investigate US EAC survival by ethnicity.
To investigate time trends in EAC/ESCC incidence among the 3 main US racial groups and investigate trends in US EAC survival by ethnicity.
Analysis of 25 years (1992-2016) SEER 13 data to compare incidence trends in EAC and ESCC between non-Hispanic whites (nHW), non-Hispanic Blacks (nHB) and Hispanics (Hisp). In addition, SEER 18 data, from 1975-2015, on EAC in the US was analyzed to evaluate racial disparities in incidence and survival among nHW, nHB and Hisp.
In Hisp, the EAC incidence rate increased while ESCC decreased from 1992 to 2016, resulting in EAC as the predominant esophageal cancer subtype in this group since 2011, joining nHW. Furthermore, although ESCC remains the predominant tumor in nHB, the difference between ESCC and EAC has narrowed dramatically over 25 years. EAC survival probabilities were worse in all minority groups compared to nHw.
Hisp are the 2nd US ethnic group to have EAC as their predominant EC cancer type. Of note, EAC incidence in nHB is increasing at the highest rate nationally. Despite lower EAC incidence in all minority groups compared to nHW, these populations have decreased survival compared to nHW.
Understanding EAC in Hisp may provide insight regarding changes in EAC incidence among US minority groups. In addition, evaluation of potential factors contributing to worse short and long-term survival for US minority EAC patients is warranted.