Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the paravertebral muscle: A case report

Table 1 Skeletal muscle metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Ref.	Year	Age/gender	Background	Treatment (primary lesion)	Muscle recurrence site	Recurrence time (mo)1	Treatment (metastasis)	Other lesions2	Simultaneous systemic treatment
This case	2017	55/M	HBV	Resection	Paravertebral muscle	21	SHFRT	Multiple intrahepatic HCC	Sorafenib
[23]	2014	36/M	Unknown	Chemo- radiotherapy	Chest wall	0	Chemo- radiotherapy	Liver, peripancreatic region, brain, cervical lymph node	Chemo- radiotherapy
[23]	2014	31/M	HBV HIV	Cisplatin/adriamycin	Chest wall, pectoral muscles	0	Cisplatin/adriamycin	Intrahepatic HCC	Cisplatin/adriamycin
[24]	2014	47/M	Unknown	Resection	Rectus muscle	13	Resection	None	None
[17]	2013	55/M	HBV HCV	Resection	Pectoralis major Deltoid, left teres minor	54	Radiotherapy	Brain metastasis	Sorafenib
[25]	2013	61/M	Alcohol	None	Iliac muscle	0	Chemotherapy	Diffuse intrahepatic HCC	Chemotherapy
[26]	2012	65/M	HBV	RFA TACE	Intercostal muscle	24	Resection	None	None
[27]	2012	72/M	Alcohol	None	Medial pterygoid muscle	0	Radiotherapy	Multiple intrahepatic HCC	Sorafenib
[28]	2012	44/M	Unknown	Resection	Extraocular muscle	17	Radiotherapy	None	None
[29]	2011	70/M	HBV	Resection	Humorous muscle	108	Resection	None	Unknown
[30]	2009	82/M	Unknown	Resection	Diaphragm	30	Resection	None	None
[31]	2009	62/unknown	HBV	TACE resection	Pectineal muscle	96	Unknown	Multiple intrahepatic HCC	Unknown
[32]	2008	54/M	HBV	Resection	Rectus femoris muscle	60	Sorafenib	Multiple pulmonary metastasis	Sorafenib
[33]	2008	52/M	HBV	Liver transplant	Chest wall	60	Resection	None	None
[34]	2007	63/M	Unknown	Resection	Gastrocnemius muscle	18	Resection	None	None
[35]	2007	53/M	HCV	None	Gluteus maximus muscle	0	Resection	None	None
[36]	2006	50/M	HBV	Resection	Psoas muscle	12	Resection	None	None
[37]	2005	39/F	HBV	Resection	Chest wall	11	Resection	None	None

¹Months after the primary treatment;

²At the time of muscle recurrence. M: Male; F: Female; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; TACE: Transcutaneous chemoembolization; SHFRT: Stereotactic hypofractionated image-guided radiation therapy; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.