Malnutrition negatively impacts the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis: An observational study

Table 3 Chronic Liver Diseases Questionnaire items comparison according to nutritional status

CLDQ item	Well-nourished (n = 58)	Malnourished (n = 69)	P
1 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been troubled by a feeling of abdominal bloating?	5.72 ± 1.531	4.67 ± 2.056	0.001
2 How much of the time have you been tired or fatigued during the last 2 wk?	3.69 ± 1.366	2.94 ± 1.259	0.002
3 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you experienced body pain?	4.14 ± 0.868	3.57 ± 0.848	0.0001
4 How often during the last 2 wk have you felt sleepy during the day?	5.05 ± 1.343	4.55 ± 1.105	0.02
5 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you experienced abdominal pain?	5.45 ± 1.273	4.96 ± 1.529	0.05
6 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you experienced dyspnea on exertion, being a problem for you in your daily activities?	6.16 ± 0.951	5.33 ± 1.431	0.0001
7 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you not been able to eat as much as you would like?	6.12 ± 1.010	3.55 ± 1.549	0.0001
8 How much of the time in the last 2 wk have you been bothered by having decreased strength?	4.91 ± 1.218	2.90 ± 1.447	0.0001
9 How often during the last 2 wk have you had trouble lifting or carrying heavy objects?	5.62 ± 0.834	4.09 ± 1.391	0.0001
10 How often during the last 2 wk have you felt anxious?	5.52 ± 1.112	5.33 ± 1.379	0.41
11 How often during the last 2 wk have you felt a decreased level of energy?	5.19 +1.100	3.20 ± 1.491	0.0001
12 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you felt unhappy?	5.12 ± 1.077	4.41 ± 1.527	0.003
13 How often during the last 2 wk have you felt drowsy?	4.97 ± 1.324	4.55 ± 1.051	0.05
14 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been bothered by a limitation of your diet?	4.14 ± 1.206	3.91 ± 1.160	0.29
15 How often during the last 2 wk have you been irritable?	5.52 ± 1.128	5.36 ± 1.175	0.45
16 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you had difficulty sleeping at night?	5.02 ± 1.493	4.87 ± 1.444	0.57
17 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been troubled by a feeling of abdominal discomfort?	5.62 ± 1.437	4.77 ± 1.816	0.004
18 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been worried about the impact your liver disease has on your family?	5.84 ± 1.056	5.94 ± 1.371	0.66
19 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you had mood swings?	5.50 ± 1.417	5.83 ± 1.283	0.18
20 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been unable to fall asleep at night?	5.10 ± 1.360	4.67 ± 1.569	0.99
21 How often during the last 2 wk have you had muscle cramps?	5.52 ± 1.047	5.39 ± 1.074	0.51
22 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been worried that your symptoms will develop into major problems?	4.19 + 1.515	4.45 ± 1.586	0.35
23 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you had a dry mouth?	5.40 ± 1.184	5.30 ± 1.192	0.66
24 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you felt depressed?	5.33 ± 1.082	4.68 ± 1.745	0.01
25 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been worried about your condition getting worse?	4.05 ± 1.191	4.28 ± 1.454	0.34
26 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you had problems concentrating?	5.34 ± 1.132	4.74 ± 1.569	0.01
27 How much of the time have you been troubled by itching during the last 2 wk?	5.71 ± 1.451	6.20 ± 1.065	0.03
28 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been worried about never feeling any better?	4.07 ± 1.153	4.36 ± 1.382	0.20
29 How much of the time during the last 2 wk have you been concerned about the availability of a liver if you need a liver transplant?	4.22 ± 1.312	4.23 ± 1.467	0.97

Data are expressed as median and SD, and compared with Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was considered as a P-value of < 0.05. CLDQ: Chronic Liver Diseases Questionnaire.