Current concepts and future strategies in the antimicrobial therapy of emerging Gram-positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies

Ref.	Journal	Publication year	Observation time span	Study design	Country, clinical setting	Proportion of infections by GPB (%)
Asia - South Korea
Park et al[11]	J Gastroenterol Hepatol	2003	1995, 1998, 1999	RC, single centre	South Korea, University Hospital	44/237 (18.6)
Song et al[12]	J Korean Med Sci	2006	1998 (October) - 2003 (August)	RC, single centre	South Korea, University	22/106 (20.8)
					Hospital
Cho et al[13]	Scand J Infect Dis	2007	2002-2004	RC, single centre	South Korea, University	34/204 (16.6)
					Hospital
Heo et al[14]	Gut Liver	2009	1998 (June) - 2003 (May)	RC, multicentre	South Korea	11/65 (16.7)
Cheong et al[15]	Clin Infect Dis	2009	2000 (January) - 2007 (June)	RC, single centre	South Korea, University	54/236 (22.9)
					Hospital
Na et al[16]	Scand J Infect Dis	2017	2005-2014	RC, single centre	South Korea, University	66/259 (25.5)
					Hospital
Asia - China
Gou et al[17]	Saudi Med J	2010	1996-2009	RC, single centre	China, University Hospital	39/97 (42.2)
Li et al[18]	World J Gastroenterol	2015	2011-2013	RC, single centre	China, University Hospital	85/306 (27.8)
Shi et al[19]	Sci Rep	2017	2014	RC, single centre	China, Tertiary Hospital	293/575 (50.9)
Asia - Other countries
Kamani et al[20]	BMC Gastroenterol	2008	2005 (November) - 2007 (December)	PC, single centre	Iran, University Hospital	12/44 (27.3)
Sheikhbahaei etal[21]	Int J Hepatol	2014	2005 (April) - 2011 (September)	PC, single centre	Iran, University Hospital	90/314 (28.6)
Zaman et al[22]	J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad	2011	2007	PC, single centre	Pakistan, University Hospital	3/12 (25)
Africa
El Sayed Zaki etal[23]	J Infect Public Health	2011	Not provided	PC, single centre	Egypt, University Hospital	30/41 (73.2)
Oladimeji et al[24]	Pan Afr Med J	2013	2009 (August) - 2010 (July)	RC, single centre	Nigeria, University Hospital	7/22 (31.8)
South America
Reginato et al[25]	Sao Paolo Med J	2011	2001 (November) - 2006 (November)	RC, single centre	Brazil, Tertiary Hospital	20/63 (31.7)
Terg et al[26]	J Hepatol	2015	2011 (March) - 2012 (April)	PC, multicentre	Argentina	21/33 (63.6)
North America
Tandon et al[27]	Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol	2012	2009 (July) - 2010 (November)	RC, single centre	United States, University Hospital	8/10 (80)
Chaulk et al[28]	Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol	2014	2003 (February) - 2010 (May)	RC, single centre	Canada, Tertiary Hospital	44/77 (57.1)
Europe
Campillo et al[29]	Clin Infect Dis	2002	1996 (January) - 2001 (March)	PC, single centre	France, Tertiary Hospital	125/183 (68.3)
Piroth et al[31]	BMC Infect Dis	2014	2010-2011	PC, multicentre	France, University Hospitals	32/57 (56.1)
Thévenot et al[30]	Am J Gastroenterol	2016	2014 (March) – 2015 (August)	PC, multicentre	France	40/84 (47.4)
Fernández et al[32]	Hepatology	2002	1998 (April) -	PC, single centre	Spain, University Hospital	11/54 (20.3)
			2000 (April)
Ariza et al[33]	J Hepatol	2012	2001-2009	RC, single centre	Spain, University Hospital	88/246 (35.8)
Piano et al[34]	Hepatology	2016	2011-2014	RCT, multicentre	Italy	10/16 (62.5)
Umgelter et al[35]	Infection	2009	2002 (January) - 2006 (August)	PC, single centre	Germany, University Hospital	20/44 (45.4)
Reuken et al[36]	Aliment Pharmacol Ther	2009	2002 (January) - 2011 (November)	RC, single centre	Germany, Tertiary Hospital	65/121 (53.7)
Lutz et al[37]	Eur J Clin Invest	2017	2012 (March) - 2016 (February)	PC, single centre	Germany, University Hospital	20/50 (40)
Cholongitas etal[38]	Liver Int	2005	1998-200	RC, single centre	Greece, University Hospital	18/42 (42.9)
Novocic et al[39]	Scand J Gastroenterol	2012	2000-2006	RC, multicentre	Denmark, University Hospitals	86/187 (45.9)