Changes in cellular proliferation and plasma products are associated with liver failure

Table 4 Variables from the mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotypes from patients with acute hepatitis A infection and healthy subjects

Phenotypes/cytokines (PHA/LPS)	HC (n = 10)	AH (n = 8)	ALF (n = 8)	HC vs AH	HC vs ALF	AH vs ALF
PI of CD3+	133.1 ± 71.12	44.4 ± 25.83	17.48 ± 5.94	0.0155	0.0021	0.0426
	(95.19-171.0)	(22.80-65.99)	(11.24-23.72)
CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ (%)	17.23 ± 9.74	17.08 ± 5.37	5.99 ± 2.80	ns	0.0009	0.0003
	(12.03-22.42)	(12.59-21.57)	(3.65-8.33)
CD4+CD29+CD44+ (%)	38.63 ± 18.37	20.75 ± 7.82	10.22 ± 4.74	0.0062	< 0.0001	0.0047
	(28.84-48.42)	(14.21-27.29)	(6.25-14.18)
CD8+CD29+CD44+ (%)	39.76 ± 19.91	37.56 ± 25.01	9.03 ± 4.59	ns	0.0002	0.0104
	(29.15-50.36)	(16.74-58.57)	(5.18-12.88)
CD3-CD56+CD16- (%)	8.31 ± 6.75	4.19 ± 2.28	0.50 ± 0.37	ns	0.0006	0.0009
	(2.07-14.56)	(2.08-6.30)	(0.15-0.84)
CD3-CD56lowCD16+ (%)	12.70 ± 8.93	8.52 ± 5.68	1.11 ± 0.66	ns	0.0012	0.0018
	(4.44-20.96)	(3.26-13.78)	(0.50-1.72)
CD3+CD56+CD16+ (%)	13.66 ± 3.54	7.20 ± 5.28	1.83 ± 1.06	0.0117	< 0.0001	0.0070
	(11.77-15.55)	(2.79-11.63)	(0.94-2.72)
IL-6 (pg/mL)	2625.33 ± 3320	565.7 ± 313.3	156.8 ± 173.9	0.0155	< 0.0001	0.0070
	(856.5-4394)	(303.8-827.6)	(11.40-302.2)
TNFα (pg/mL)	1675.20 ± 623.4	1405.0 ± 324.3	145.3 ± 107.9	ns	< 0.0001	0.0002
	(1343-2007)	(1134-1676)	(55.09-235.5)
IL-10 (pg/mL)	528.86 ± 755.1	269.5 ± 145.8	188.4 ± 267.1	ns	0.0454	ns
	(126.5-931.2)	(147.6-391.5)	(-16.88-393.7)
IFNγ (pg/mL)	3379.1 ± 1869	2467.0 ± 2787	1249.0 ± 2067	ns	0.0205	ns
	(2383-4375)	(137.1-4798)	(-479.2-2977)
IL-8 (pg/mL)	273.9 ± 116.3	274.2 ± 148.5	151.0 ± 156.4	ns	0.0205	0.0379
	(211.9-335.9)	(150.0-398.3)	(20.21-281.8)
IL-17 (pg/mL)	73.81 ± 107.0	31.55 ± 35.58	4.16 ± 3.20	ns	0.0029	0.0116
	(16.81-130.8)	(1.80-61.30)	(1.49-6.84)

The differences between the hepatitis A-induced acute liver failure (ALF) patients, the self-limited acute hepatitis A (AH) patients, and the healthy control (HC) subjects were evaluated by intergroup comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The significance cutoff for all statistical analyses was defined as P < 0.05. IL: Interleukin; IFNγ: Interferon gamma; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; ns: Not significant; PI: Proliferation index.