Inhibition of apoptosis by oncogenic hepatitis B virus X protein: Implications for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Proposed model to explain the link between hepatitis B virus X protein, p38/MAPK, SATB1, hepatoma upregulated protein, and survivin in mediating anti-apoptotic effects during cisplatin treatment. HBx upregulates the anti-apoptotic protein survivin through induction of p38/MAPK and ERK/MAPK pathways. Another less defined ERK/MAPK pathway which may regulate survivin independently of HURP is also shown. HBx: Hepatitis B virus X protein; HURP: Hepatoma upregulated protein.