Circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 as prognostic biomarker in liver cirrhosis

Table 3 Factors associated with 30-d mortality among patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis n (%)

	Survivors (n = 143)	Deaths (n = 46)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	53.61 ± 11.54	53.49 ± 11.75	0.952
Male gender	101 (70.6)	37 (80.4)	0.192
Etiology of cirrhosis
Alcohol	47 (32.9)	21 (49.7)	0.116
Hepatitis C	61 (42.7)	17 (37.0)	0.495
Hepatitis B	6 (4.2)	2 (4.3)	1.000
Cryptogenic	14 (9.8)	1 (2.2)	0.123
Other	15 (10.5)	5 (10.9)	1.000
Previous decompensation	88 (61.5)	32 (69.6)	0.325
Active alcoholism	45 (31.5)	23 (50.0)	0.023
Complication at evaluation
Ascites	57 (39.9)	35 (76.1)	< 0.001
Hepatic encephalopathy	73 (51.0)	39 (84.8)	< 0.001
Gastrointestinal bleeding	81 (56.6)	18 (39.1)	0.039
Bacterial infection	28 (19.6)	22 (48.9)	< 0.001
ACLF	16 (11.2)	29 (63.0)	< 0.001
Laboratory data
Leucocyte count (× 109), median	6.59	8.46	0.005
Sodium (meq/L), median	136.00	134.00	0.011
Creatinine (mg/dL), median	1.00	1.80	< 0.001
INR, median	1.38	1.60	< 0.001
Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD	2.47 ± 0.70	1.98 ± 0.51	< 0.001
CRP (mg/L), median	8.40	24.8	0.002
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median	1.51	3.10	< 0.001
IGFBP-3 (mcg/mL), median	1.05	0.63	< 0.001
Child-Pugh C	41 (28.7)	34 (73.9)	< 0.001
MELD score, mean ± SD	14.35 ± 5.00	22.44 ± 6.95	< 0.001
Vital signs
MAP (mmHg), mean ± SD	85.11 ± (13.95)	80.33 ± (15.27)	0.053
Heart rate (BPM), mean ± SD	81.27 ± 19.19	88.66 ± 16.40	0.022
SpO2/FiO2 ratio, median	461.9	442.86	< 0.001

INR: International normalized ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein; IGFBP-3: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; SpO₂/FiO₂: Oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure.