Traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma: From bench to bedside

Figure 1 Therapeutic targets of Chinese herb(s) in hepatocarcinoma cells. TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase; Bax/Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl2-associated X protein; XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; MMP-2: Matrix metalloproteinase-2; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Cdc25B: Cell division cycle 25B; TNFR I: Tumor necrosis factor receptor type I; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK: Focal adhesion kinase; PI3K/Akt: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseV-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog; STAT3: Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3.