Multiresistant bacterial infections in liver cirrhosis: Clinical impact and new empirical antibiotic treatment policies

Table 1 Prevalence of different multiresistant bacteria across countries

Type of multiresistant bacteria	Prevalence rate
ESBL	South Korea, 4%-29%[13,14,19,20,24]
	Italy, 8%-20%[17,21]
	Spain and United States, 6%-9%[7,15,26]
	France, Denmark and Germany, < 5%[22,23,25]
MRSA	Italy, 7%[17,21]
	United States, 5%[26]
	Spain, 3%-4%[7,15]
	France, 2%[23]
	Denmark, Germany, 0%[22,25]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Spain, South Korea, 2%-3%[7,13-15,19,20,24]
	Germany, 1%[22]
	Denmark, France, 0%[23,25]
VSE	Denmark, 12%[25]
	Germany, 10%[22]
	France, 5%[23]
	Spain, 1%-7%[7,15]
VRE	United States, 9%[26]
	Spain, France, Denmark, Germany, 0%[7,15,22,23,25]

ESBL: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (bacteria with chromosomal β-lactamases are also included); MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VSE: Vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus; VRE: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.