Hepatitis C virus syndrome: A constellation of organ- and non-organ specific autoimmune disorders, B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and cancer

Table 2 Clinico-epidemiological and laboratory features of mixed cryoglobulinemia¹

Epidemiological features
Mean age at disease onset ± SD, yr (range)	55 ± 12 (29-72)
Mean disease duration ± SD, yr (range)	12 ± 10 (1-40)
Female/male ratio	3
Clinical features
Purpura	98
Weakness	98
Arthralgias	91
Arthritis (non-erosive)	8
Raynaud’s phenomenon	32
Sicca syndrome	51
Peripheral neuropathy	81
Renal involvement2	31
Liver involvement	73
B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	11
Hepatocellular carcinoma	3
Serological and virological features
Mean cryocrit (SD)	4.4% (12)
Type II/type III mixed cryoglobulins	2/1
Mean C3 (SD) (nv 60-130 mg/dL)	93 (30)
Mean C4 (SD) (nv 20-55 mg/dL)	10 (12)
Anti-nuclear antibodies	30
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies	9
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies	18
Anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies	8
Anti-HCV antibodies ± HCV RNA	92
Anti-HBV antibodies	32
HBsAg	1

¹Data are referred to 100 consecutive, unselected Italian patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MCs) evaluated at the end of follow-up;

²Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.