Comparative study and systematic review of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Preoperative characteristics n (%)

Variable	LLR (n = 42)	OLR (n = 110)	P value
Age	61.07 (11.91)	59.45 (11.15)	0.400
Gender			0.359
Male	32 (76.2)	91 (82.7)
Female	10 (23.8)	19 (17.3)
Child-Pugh score			0.094
A	42 (100.0)	103 (93.6)
B	0 (0.0)	7 (6.4)
No. of comorbidities	3 ± 1.86	2.32 ± 1.64	0.028
HBsAg	6 (42.9)	25 (55.6)	0.406
Anti-HCV	1 (7.1)	1 (2.7)	0.466
Alpha-fetoprotein	734.33 ± 2978.62	2126.96 ± 8456.88	0.654
ALT	40.64 ± 28.86	46.57 ± 35.59	0.408
AST	46.83 ± 36.03	56.93 ± 50.26	0.280
ALP	90.26 ± 35.51	102.29 ± 44.24	0.099
Total bilirubin	13.12 ± 7.18	12.91 ± 14.26	0.367
PT	13.71 ± 0.94	13.61 ± 1.64	0.176
ASA class			0.045
I	3 (7.1)	9 (8.2)
II	24 (57.1)	62 (56.4)
III	15 (35.7)	39 (35.5)
No. of tumours			0.469
Solitary	37 (88.1)	91 (82.7)
Multiple	5 (11.9)	19 (17.3)
Size of largest tumour (cm)	3.85 ± 2.60	7.15 ± 4.88	< 0.001
Tumour location			0.256
Left lobe	15 (35.7)	27 (24.5)
Right lobe	21 (50.0)	71 (64.5)
Bilobar	6 (14.3)	12 (10.9)

Data are mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated. HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen; Anti-HCV: Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; PT: Prothrombin time; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; OLR: Open liver resection.