Hepatic manifestations of non-steroidal inflammatory bowel disease therapy

Table 1 Risk of hepatitis B viral DNA associated with medication use and hepatitis B status

Risk group	Medication	Hepatitis B virus status
High risk (> 10%)	Corticosteroids > 4 wk (moderate-high dose)	HBsAg+/HBcAb+
Moderate risk (1%-10%)	TNF-α inhibitors	HBsAg+/HBcAb+ (1%-10%)
	Ustekinumab	HBsAg-/HBcAb+ (1%)
	Vedolizumab
	Natalizumab
	Corticosteroids > 4 wk	HBsAg+/HBcAb+ (1%-10%) (low dose)
		HBsAg-/HBcAb+ (1%) (moderate-high dose)
Low-risk (< 1%)	Azathioprine	HBsAg+/HBcAb+
	6-mercaptopurine	HBsAg-/HBcAb+
	Methotrexate

Adapted from American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation During Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy[66]. Corticosteroids (prednisone equivalent): Low dose: < 10 mg; Moderate dose: 10-20 mg; High dose: > 20 mg. HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBcAb: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.