Hepatitis C virus infection and prisoners: Epidemiology, outcome and treatment

Table 1 Hepatitis C virus prevalence in different studies on prisoners

Ref.	Year of screening	Country	Type of study	Number screened/total	Type of screening	HCV prevalence
Adjei et al[31]	2004/5	Ghana	C-S 8 prisons; inmates vs staff	1336/7652 vs 445/2139	C + Q	18.7% vs 18.7%
Almasio et al[16]		Italy				38%
Alvarez et al[29]	2009/13	United States	C-S	2788	C + Q + Clinical records	10.1%
Babudieri et al[42]		Italy	C-S 8 prisons	973		38%
Barros et al[20]	2007/8	Brazil	C-S	148/150	C + I	6.1%
Brandolini et al[17]	2006	Italy	C-S	695/965	HCV History + C	22.4%
Hennessey et al[36]	1999/2000	United States	C-S	1292 HIV-positive	Stored blood + medical records	13%
Kazi et al[33]	2007/8	Pakistan	C-S	357	C + Q	15.2%
Kheirandish et al[37]	2006	Iran	C-S	454/499	C + I	80%
Luciani et al[24]	2005/9	Australia	Prospective cohort study	210 HCV Ab -	C + Q + payment+ follow-up	Incidence 14.8 per 100/yr
Macalino et al[32]	1998/2000	United States		4269/5390		23.1%
				446 incidence study		0.4 per 100/yr
Mahfoud et al[30]	2007/8	Lebanon	C-S	580/35500	Random+ C + Q	3.43%
Marco et al[41]		Spain	Observational and C-S 18 prisons	371	Q	22.7%
Meyer et al[34]	2002	Germany	C-S	1125/1176	C + I post screening	8.6%
Mohamed et al[19]		Egypt	C-S	500/1200	Random sampling + C + Q	15.8%
Nokhodian et al[40]		Iran	C-S	160	C + I	4.4%
Prasetyo et al[21]	2009	Indonesia	C-S 4 prisons	375/375	C + Q	34.1%
Reekie et al[28]	2004	Australia	C-S	588	C + Q	33.3%
	2007		C-S	536	C + Q	31.6%
	2010		C-S	618	C + Q	23.2%
Rosa et al[27]	2010/11	Brazil	Descriptive study	195/386	Random + C + Q	9.7%
Sagnelli et al[38]		Italy	C-S 9 prisons	2241/3468	Peer-to-peer education + C	22.8%
Saiz de la Hoya et al[25]	2008	Spain	C-S 18 prisons	378		22.7%
Santos et al[18]	2009/10	Brazil	C-S 2 prisons	422/519	C + Q	3.1%
Semaille et al[26]	2010	France	C-S 27 prisons	1876	Q + medical records	4.8%
Solomon et al[35]	2002	United States	C-S	3914	Educational information, C + or counseling	29.7%
Taylor et al[23]	2010/11	Scotland	C-S 14 prisons	4904/6565	C + Q	19%
						Incidence > 1%
Tresó et al[22]	2007/9	Hungary	C-S 20 prisons inmates vs staff	4894/14331	C + Q	4.9% vs 0.5%

C-S: Cross-sectional; C: Consent; Q: Questionnaire; I: Interview; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.