Hepatic metastatic disease in pediatric and adolescent solid tumors

Table 1 Metastatic disease, liver metastases and treatment options in pediatric solid tumors

Primary malignancy	Metastatic disease at diagnosis	Hepatic metastatic disease	Treatment options
NB	50%-60%	20%-30%	Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy
WT	10%-20%	10%-15%	Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy
GCT	20%-30%	15%-20%1	Surgery and chemotherapy
GIST	30%-40%1	15%-20%1	Surgery and imatinib
OS	15%-20%1	1%-3%1	Surgery
DSRCT	30%-50%1	30%-40%1	HIPEC and surgery
NET	30%-45%1	30%-45%1	Surgery, HAE, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, liver transplant and radionuclides therapy

¹Data from adult populations. DSRCT: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor; GCT: Germ cell tumor; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; NB: Neuroblastoma; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; OS: Osteosarcoma; WT: Wilms tumor; HAE: Hepatic artery embolization; HIPEC: Hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with chemotherapy.