Vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease

Table 2 Studies regarding vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Year	Design	n	NAFLD diagnosis	Vitamin D levels (ng/mL)	P
Targher et al[43]	2007	Cohorts prospective	120	Liver biopsy	Controls (60): 29.8 ± 6 Steatosis (10): 23.72 ± 8 NASH (50): 14.8 ± 9.2	0.001
Manco et al[179]	2010	Cohorts prospective	64	Liver US	Without necroinflamation: 26.1 ± 10 With necroinflamation: 19.9 ± 9.8 Without fibrosis: 27.7 ± 10.3 With fibrosis: 17.1 ± 7.4	0.16 < 0.001
Barchetra et al[168]	2011	Cohorts prospective	262	Liver US	Without NAFLD (100): 20.5 ± 9.7 NAFLD (162): 14.8 ± 9.2	< 0.001
Jablonski et al[169]	2013	Cohorts retrospective	1214	Liver US	Controls (607): 34 ± 8 NAFLD (607): 30 ± 7	< 0.001
Kasapoglu et al[171]	2013	Cohorts prospective	613	Liver US	Controls (275): 26,4 ± 9.8 NAFLD stage 1 (133): 20 ± 9.2 NAFLD stage 2 (106): 13.3 ± 6.7 NAFLD stage 3 (99): 8.8 ± 7.4	< 0.05
Black et al[170]	2014	Cohorts prospective	994	Liver US	Without NAFLD (838): 30.8 ± 9.6 NAFLD (156): 26.8 ± 8.8	< 0.001
Yildiz et al[174]	2014	Cohorts prospective	101	Liver US	Without NAFLD (43): 16.4 (IQR 12.4-24.8) NAFLD grade 1 (41): 14.2 (IQR 9.5-21.2) NAFLD grade 2 (17): 11.5 (IQR 7.5-16.7)	0.005
Dasarathy et al[178]	2014	Cohorts prospective	148	Liver biopsy	Controls (39): 35.7 ± 6 Steatosis (67): 25 ± 11.3 NASH (81): 18.1 ± 8.4	< 0.01
Nobili et al[180]	2014	Cohorts prospective	73	Liver biopsy	NASH (49) was associated with lower VD levels, i.e., -9.0 pg/mL when compared with that in children without NASH (24)	< 0.001
Küçükazman et al[173]	2014	Cohorts prospective	211	Liver US	Without NAFLD (57): 20 ± 13.6 NAFLD (154): 12.3 ± 8.9	< 0.001

US: Ultrasonography; IQR: Interquartile range; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.