Insulin resistance and chronic liver disease

Table 1 Effects of anti-diabetic agents in patients with chronic liver disease

Anti-diabetic agent	Subjects	Outcome	Reference
Exogenous insulin or sulphonylurea	Patients with liver cirrhosis or HCC	Increased HCC risk	[100]
Exogenous insulin or sulphonylurea	Patients with chronic hepatitis C	Increased HCC risk	[101]
Exogenous insulin	Chronic viral hepatitis patients who had undergone curative resection for HCC	Increased risk of HCC recurrence	[102]
Metformin	Treatment-naïve female patients with HCV genotype 1-related chronic hepatitis and insulin resistance	Increased SVR rate	[16]
Metformin	Patients diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis or HCC	Decreased HCC risk	[101]
Metformin	Patients with liver cirrhosis or HCC	Decreased HCC risk	[112]
Pioglitazone	Chronic hepatitis C patients who had previously failed to respond to antiviral therapy	No increase in EVR rate	[115]
Pioglitazone	Treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C patients with insulin resistance	Increased SVR rate	[116]

HCC; hepatocellular carcinoma, EVR; early virological response, SVR; sustained virological response.