Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes

doi:10.4254/wjh.123278

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2026; 18(8): 123278
Published online Aug 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.123278

Table 2 Characteristics of the study population according to the risk of liver fibrosis, n (%)

	< 8 kPa (n = 1204)	8-12 kPa (n = 77)	> 12 kPa (n = 56)	P value
Sex (female)	729 (60.5)	52 (67.5)	33 (58.9)	0.455
Age (years)	55 (49-63)	56 (48.5-62)	58 (52-64)	0.167
BMI (kg/m²)	27.9 (25.2-31.0)	31.8 (28.2-36.2)	31.4 (27.8-35.0)	< 0.001^a^,^b
BMI classification
Normal	274 (22.8)	9 (11.7)	8 (14.3)	< 0.001
Overweight	510 (42.4)	20 (26)	14 (25)
Obesity	317 (26.3)	25 (32.5)	20 (35.7)
Obesity class II	78 (6.5)	16 (20.8)	8 (14.3)
Obesity class III	25 (2.1)	7 (9.1)	6 (10.7)
Transient elastography
kPa	4.6 (3.7-5.6)	9 (8.5-10.3)	16.5 (13.4-21.8)	< 0.001^a^,^b^,^c
CAP (dB/m)	273 (231-314)	303 (266-330)	298 (257 – 349)	< 0.001^a^,^b
FAST score¹	0.06 (0.03-0.14)	0.41 (0.21-0.59)	0.56 (0.41-0.77)	< 0.001^a^,^b^,^c
Low risk	947 (94)	31 (47.7)	(13)
Moderate risk	59 (5.9)	29 (44.6)	(45.7)
High risk	1 (0.1)	5 (7.7)	19 (41.3)
FAST-HbA1c	8 (0.7)	20 (26)	26 (46.4)	< 0.001
Biochemical parameters
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	166 (138-195)	161 (131-180)	152 (128-177)	0.028^b
LDL, mg/dL	98 (75-121)	101 (68-116)	91 (68-104)	0.124
HDL, mg/dL	42 (36-51)	39 (35-47)	42 (35-48)	0.085
TGC, mg/dL	140 (103-195)	122 (102-189)	135 (114-181)	0.666
Creatinine mg/dL	0.77 (0.65-0.90)	0.73 (0.62-0.84)	0.73 (0.59-0.88)	0.107
ALT, U/L	22.4 (16.5-32.4)	39.9 (26.3-65.3)	40.2 (30.4-74.1)	< 0.001^a^,^b
AST, U/L	19.7 (16.2-25.2)	30.5 (22.2-51.4)	33.5 (28.3-57.3)	< 0.001^a^,^b
GGT, U/L	24.8 (17.9-35.8)	42.3 (28.9-64.6)	85.9 (51.1-144.8)	< 0.001^a^,^b^,^c
HbA1c, %	6.7 (6-8.5)	7.1 (6.3 – 8.9)	7.2 (6.2-9.4)	0.074

¹Available in 1118 patients.

^aP < 0.05 vs group 1 and 2.

^bP < 0.05 vs group 1 and 3.

^cP < 0.05 vs group 2 and 3.

Group 1 (< 8 kPa), group 2 (8-12 kPa) and group 3 (> 12 kPa). The results are expressed as median (p25-p75). BMI: Body mass index; FAST: FibroScan-AST; LDL: Low density cholesterol; HDL: High density cholesterol; TGC: Triglycerides; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

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Citation: Ruiz-Margáin A, Fierro-Angulo OM, González-Regueiro JA, Hernández-Jiménez SC, García-Ulloa AC, Landa-Anell V, Bril F, Roman-Calleja BM, Romo-Arellano R, Pereira-García A, Chalasani N, Macías-Rodríguez RU. Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(8): 123278
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i8/123278.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.123278

Ruiz-Margáin A, Fierro-Angulo OM, González-Regueiro JA, Hernández-Jiménez SC, García-Ulloa AC, Landa-Anell V, Bril F, Roman-Calleja BM, Romo-Arellano R, Pereira-García A, Chalasani N, Macías-Rodríguez RU. Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(8): 123278 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.123278]

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