Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes

doi:10.4254/wjh.123278

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2026; 18(8): 123278
Published online Aug 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.123278

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population according to presence or absence of liver steatosis, n (%)

	Total (n = 1337)	No steatosis (n = 783)	Steatosis (n = 554)	P value
Sex (female)	814 (60.9)	468 (59.8)	346 (62.5)	0.322
Age (years)	55 (49-63)	56 (49-63)	54 (48-61)	0.003
Classification according to BMI
BMI (kg/m²), median (p25-p75)	28.3 (25.4-31.5)	27.1 (24.5-30.1)	30.4 (27.2-33.3)	< 0.001
Normal	276 (21.8)	217 (29.3)	59 (11.2)	< 0.001
Overweight	510 (40.2)	325 (43.9)	185 (35.0)
Obesity class I	346 (27.3)	153 (20.7)	193 (36.6)
Obesity class II	99 (7.8)	35 (4.7)	64 (12.1)
Obesity class III	37 (2.9)	10 (1.4)	27 (5.1)
Transient elastography
kPa	4.8 (3.8-6.0)	4.5 (3.5-5.6)	5.2 (4.2-6.6)	< 0.001
CAP (dB/m)	276 (234-317)	242 (214-266)	324 (305-346)	< 0.001
FAST score	0.07 (0.03-0.18)	0.05 (0.02-0.10)	0.15 (0.06-0.29)	< 0.001
Low risk	984 (88.0)	628 (94.3)	356 (78.8)	< 0.001
Moderate risk	109 (9.7)	32 (4.8)	77 (17.0)
High risk	25 (2.2)	6 (0.9)	19 (4.2)
FAST-HbA1c	54 (4.8)	11 (1.7)	43 (9.5)	< 0.001
Biochemical parameters
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	165 (137-193)	163 (134-190)	168 (140-197)	0.036
LDL, mg/dL	98 (74-120)	96 (73-117)	100 (77-124)	0.022
HDL, mg/dL	42 (36-51)	43 (37-52)	40 (36-48)	0.000
TGC, mg/dL	139(104-194)	127 (97-177)	157 (117-224)	0.000
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.76(0.65-0.90)	0.77 (0.67-0.90)	0.73 (0.63-0.89)	0.010
ALT, U/L	23.5(17.0-34.0)	20.7 (15.7-30.3)	28.6 (19.4-41.9)	0.000
AST, U/L	20.7 (16.6-26.9)	19.4 (16.0-25.0)	22.3 (17.7-29.2)	0.000
GGT, U/L	25.9(18.4-40.4)	22.7 (17.2-33.5)	31.8 (22.2-49.2)	0.000
HbA1c, %	6.8 (6.0-8.5)	6.6 (6.0-8.4)	7.0 (6.1-8.7)	0.018

The results are expressed as median (p25-p75). Low risk (< 0.35), moderate risk (0.35-0.66), high risk ( 0.67). BMI: Body mass index; FAST: FibroScan-AST; LDL: Low-density cholesterol; HDL: High-density cholesterol; TGC: Triglycerides; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

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Citation: Ruiz-Margáin A, Fierro-Angulo OM, González-Regueiro JA, Hernández-Jiménez SC, García-Ulloa AC, Landa-Anell V, Bril F, Roman-Calleja BM, Romo-Arellano R, Pereira-García A, Chalasani N, Macías-Rodríguez RU. Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(8): 123278
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i8/123278.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.123278

Ruiz-Margáin A, Fierro-Angulo OM, González-Regueiro JA, Hernández-Jiménez SC, García-Ulloa AC, Landa-Anell V, Bril F, Roman-Calleja BM, Romo-Arellano R, Pereira-García A, Chalasani N, Macías-Rodríguez RU. Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(8): 123278 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.123278]

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