Second-line treatment of primary biliary cholangitis: To whom, which molecule, and when

Table 1 Overview of the most commonly used qualitative binary scoring systems in primary biliary cholangitis patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid

Name of scoring system	Duration of treatment (mo)	Type of PBC population	UDCA treatment response definition	Ref.
Rochester	6	American	ALP < 2 × ULN and Mayo Risk Score < 4.5	[18]
Barcelona	12	European	Decrease in ALP > 40% or ALP ≤ × 1 ULN	[19]
Paris-I	12	European	ALP < 3 × ULN and AST < 2 × ULN and bilirubin ≤ 1 mg/dL	[20]
Paris-II	12	European	ALP ≤ × 1.5 ULN and AST ≤ × 1.5 ULN and bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN	[21]
Rotterdam	12	European	Bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN and albumin ≥ 1 × ULN	[22]
Ehime	6	Asian	Decrease in GGT > 70% or GGT ≤ 1 × ULN	[23]
Toronto	24	American	ALP ≤ 1.67 × ULN	[24]
Xi’an	1	Asian	ALP ≤ 2.5 × ULN, AST ≤ 2 × ULN and total bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN	[25]
Monza	12	European	GGT < 3.2 × ULN or ALP < 2 × ULN	[26]
Global PBC study group	12	International	Bilirubin ≤ 0.6 × ULN and ALP ≤ 1 × ULN	[17]

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transferase; mo: Months; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; ULN: Upper limit of normal.