Letter to the Editor: Natural product intervention in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: From allyl isothiocyanate to signaling networks

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the molecular mechanism by which allyl isothiocyanate counteracts metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; NCS: Isothiocyanate group; H₂C: Methylene group; AITC: Allyl isothiocyanate; TRPA1: Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1; VDR: Vitamin D receptor; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; Samd: Smad family proteins; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; HNF-4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; MTTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; APOB: Apolipoprotein B; p-PARa: Phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; SREBP-IC: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: Interleukin-6; a-sMA: Α-smooth muscle actin; ARE: Antioxidant response element.