Time-dependent predictive accuracy of noninvasive liver scores for chronic kidney disease onset in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Table 2 Prognostic performance of non-invasive liver disease assessments for chronic kidney disease in metabolic associated steatotic liver disease patients (n = 922)

Scores	Cumulative CKD occurrence stage ≥ 3
	1-year	2-year	3-year	4-year	5-year
NFS
AUROC	0.77	0.78	0.79	0.73	0.73
(95%CI)	(0.67-0.85)	(0.71-0.85)	(0.73-0.85)	(0.65-0.81)	(0.65-0.81)
Standard cutoff values	≥ -1.455	≥ -1.455	≥ -1.455	≥ -1.455	≥ -1.455
Sensitivity (%)	84.21	88.24	89.13	79.31	80.30
Specificity (%)	47.21	47.79	48.47	47.85	41.97
FIB-4
AUROC	0.72	0.76	0.77	0.70	0.73
(95%CI)	(0.61-0.80)	(0.69-0.82)	(0.70-0.82)	(0.63-0.78)	(0.65-0.79)
Standard cutoff values	≥ 1.30	≥ 1.30	≥ 1.30	≥ 1.30	≥ 1.30
Sensitivity (%)	73.68	82.35	82.61	75.86	74.24
Specificity (%)	53.37	54.20	54.58	53.31	41.45
LSM
AUROC	0.67	0.66	0.67	0.64	0.65
(95%CI)	(0.53-0.78)	(0.56-0.75)	(0.59-0.76)	(0.56-0.72)	(0.57-0.72)
Standard cutoff values	≥ 8.0	≥ 8.0	≥ 8.0	≥ 8.0	≥ 8.0
Sensitivity (%)	63.16	64.71	65.22	62.07	59.09
Specificity (%)	58.06	57.58	56.71	55.79	51.81
ALBI
AUROC	0.57	0.56	0.54	0.57	0.58
(95%CI)	(0.45-0.71)	(0.48-0.65)	(0.46-0.64)	(0.48-0.67)	(0.49-0.66)
Standard cutoff values	≥ -2.61	≥ -2.61	≥ -2.61	≥ -2.61	≥ -2.61
Sensitivity (%)	15.79	17.65	21.74	25.86	25.76
Specificity (%)	80.35	79.02	78.62	77.65	79.02
Comparison of AUROCa
NFS vs FIB-4	0.147	0.521	0.384	0.329	0.838
NFS vs LSM	0.059	0.012a	0.008a	0.034a	0.038a
NFS vs ALBI	0.018a	<0.001a	<0.001a	0.003a	0.005a

^aP values were derived from the ratio of the observed difference in AUROC to its bootstrap standard error, approximated by a standard normal distribution. Significant levels were set at P < 0.05.

ALBI: Albumin-Bilirubin; AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; CI: Confidence interval; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; NFS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score.