Activated cGAS-STING signaling promotes malignancy in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease via mitochondrial DNA and immune cell dysfunction

Figure 3 Dynamic changes in liver stimulator of interferon genes expressions at the mRNA or protein level. A: Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mRNA amplification plot by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; B: Melting curve of STING mRNA; C: Amplification curves of STING mRNA; D: Liver STING mRNA expressions among the different groups (n = 5/each); E: Liver STING immunoblot analysis in the normal control: 1, 11, and 13; metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: 2, 5; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: 3, 4, 7; liver cirrhosis: 6, 8, 9; and hepatocellular carcinoma: 10, 12, 14 (n = 5/each) groups; F: Analysis of the relative ratios of liver STING to β-actin in the different groups. ^cP < 0.001 vs the control group. NC: Normal control; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; MASH: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; STING: Stimulator of interferon genes.