Methionine depletion inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing ferroptosis and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the ARNT2/UBE2Z pathway

Figure 2 Methionine supplementation inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell ferroptosis. A: ACSL4 and GPX4 levels were detected by Western blot; B: Intracellular lipid peroxidation was evaluated using the malondialdehyde assay kit; C: Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed using the BODIPY 581/591 C11 fluorescent probe; D: Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were measured using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA; E: Intracellular Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and total Fe levels were detected using the Iron Assay kit; F: Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using JC-1 staining. Results are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 3. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. Met+: Methionine-supplemented (100 μm); MDA: Malondialdehyde.