Machine learning model integrating transient elastography and clinical data for prediction of graft fibrosis after liver transplantation

Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, median (interquartile rage)/n (%)

Variable	Fibrosis < 2, (n = 168)	Fibrosis ≥ 2, (n = 29)	P value	Missingness
Age at transplant	58.8 (49.7-63.0)	49.0 (38.8-56.1)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)
Graft age	1.0 (0.3-2.3)	3.4 (2.6-8.9)	< 0.001	5 (2.5)
Male	107 (63.7)	18 (62.1)	0.867	0 (0.0)
Body mass index	26.9 (25.8-31.1)	26.5 (24.5-27.6)	0.032	0 (0.0)
Type of transplant: Living donor	62 (36.9)	6 (20.7)	0.091	0 (0.0)
Fibroscan
CAP	258.2 (211.7-318.2)	240.0 (194.0-290.0)	0.087	7 (3.5)
LSM (kPa)	6.0 (4.6-8.0)	12.1 (8.0-20.9)	< 0.001	2 (1.0)
Albumin	41.0 (38.0-44.0)	41.0 (36.0-42.0)	0.187	0 (0.0)
Bilirubin	12.0 (9.0-18.2)	15.0 (12.0-22.0)	0.065	0 (0.0)
INR	1.0 (1.0-1.1)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	0.405	0 (0.0)
ALP	112.0 (85.7-163.0)	134.0 (108.0-229.0)	0.001	0 (0.0)
ALT	36.5 (23.0-64.2)	52.0 (28.0-67.0)	0.713	0 (0.0)
AST	27.0 (19.7-41.2)	41.0 (28.0-58.0)	0.012	0 (0.0)
Creatinine	102.5 (86.0-126.0)	90.0 (84.0-110.0)	0.224	0 (0.0)
Hemoglobin	127.0 (113.5-136.0)	134.0 (122.0-145.0)	0.017	0 (0.0)
Platelet	164.0 (131.7-199.5)	156.0 (112.0-225.0)	0.618	0 (0.0)
White blood cells	5.9 (4.4-7.3)	6.2 (4.3-7.7)	0.916	0 (0.0)
MELD	9.0 (7.0-11.0)	10.0 (7.0-12.0)	0.082	0 (0.0)
Indication for transplant
AIH	2 (1.2)	2 (6.9)	0.044	0 (0.0)
ALF	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
ALD	19 (11.3)	5 (17.2)	0.369	0 (0.0)
HBV	11 (6.5)	1 (3.4)	0.521	0 (0.0)
HCV	44 (26.2)	9 (31.0)	0.589	0 (0.0)
Malignancy	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Other	37 (22.0)	8 (27.6)	0.512	0 (0.0)
Unknown	6 (3.6)	1 (3.4)	0.973	0 (0.0)
Pre-transplant cardiovascular disease (yes/no)	34 (20.2)	7 (24.1)	0.635	0 (0.0)
Pre-transplant hypertension	37 (22.0)	2 (6.9)	0.059	0 (0.0)
Pre-transplant diabetes	35 (20.8)	2 (6.9)	0.076	0 (0.0)
Post-transplant hypertension	113 (67.2)	19 (65.5)	0.854	0 (0.0)
Post-transplant diabetes	117 (69.6)	18 (62.1)	0.419	0 (0.0)

P-values were calculated using χ² tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables. CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; INR: International normalized ratio; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; ALF: Acute liver failure; ALD: Alcohol-related liver disease; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.