Emerging treatment options for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its related liver diseases

Table 3 Strategies to improve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease treatment

Clinical trials	Phase	Treatments	Effects	Ref.
NCT03183193	N/A	Dietary intervention	Modulation of circulating miRNAs	[105]
NCT03008070	2	Serum biomarkers	Providing a non-invasive test for evaluating the treatment response to lanifibranor	[107]
NCT03151798	N/A	Lifestyle change: Energy restriction and exercise	Decrease in body weight, fat mass, liver fat accumulation, and insulin resistance	[108]
NCT05866744	N/A	Time-restricted feeding	Improvement in insulin resistance. Decrease in HbA1c	[109]
DRKS000247061	N/A	Artichoke leaf extract	Decrease in hepatic fat accumulation and liver size	[110]
NCT03426111	N/A	Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty	Decrease in body weight, liver stiffness, and hepatic steatosis	[111]
NCT03646292	4	Pioglitazone and empagliflozin	Reduction in hepatic fat, liver stiffness, and visceral fat	[113]

¹German Clinical Trials Register.

HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; N/A: Not applicable.