Association between preoperative serum zinc levels and postoperative infectious complications after minimally invasive hepatectomy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Results of univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses comparing Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa–negative and grade IIIa–positive groups

Variable	Category or unit	Univariable logistic model		Multivariable logistic model
		OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age (year)	1	1.05 (0.97-1.14)	0.190
Sex (female)	Male	0.98 (0.25-3.77)	0.976
ASA-PS (0-1)	2-3	1.85 (0.21-16.13)	0.581
Chronic kidney disease	Presence	0.82 (0.10-6.82)	0.850
Diabetes mellitus	Presence	0.79 (0.16-3.93)	0.772
Habitual smoking	Yes	1.97 (0.51-7.63)	0.328
Habitual alcohol consumption	Yes	1.16 (0.28-4.83)	0.835
Malignant status (benign)	Malignant	1.48 (0.17-194.84)1	0.7801
Child-Pugh (B)	A	0.141(0.013-1.52)	0.106
ICG R15 (point)	1	0.96 (0.84-1.10)	0.559
Body mass index (kg/m2)	1	0.77 (0.61-0.97)	0.029	0.79 (0.61-1.02)	0.066
Albumin (g/dL)	1	0.15 (0.02-0.91)	0.039	0.54 (0.07-4.19)	0.558
Albumin (≥ 3.5 g/dL)	< 3.5	3.15 (0.58-17.00)	0.183
PNI (point)	1	0.98 (0.85-1.13)	0.752
PNI (≥ 45 points)	< 45	0.68 (0.14-3.40)	0.642
Zn (μg/dL)	1	0.93 (0.88-0.98)	0.007	0.94 (0.88-1.00)	0.046
Zn (≥ 80 μg/dL)	< 80	7.77 (0.95-1008.52)1	0.0571
CONUT score (point)	1	0.62 (0.33-1.17)	0.139
CONUT score (≥ 2 points)	0-1	0.26 (0.05-1.30)	0.102
MIH approach (robot)	Lap	3.38 (0.68-16.70)	0.136
Operative procedure (partial)	Anatomical	0.48 (0.10-2.35)	0.362
Iwate criteria (point)	1	1.33 (0.98-1.81)	0.070
Operative time (minute)	1	1.55 (1.13-2.13)	0.006	1.58 (1.09-2.30)	0.016
Estimated blood loss (mL)	100	1.06 (0.92-1.21)	0.429

¹Odds ratios for binary variables with zero cell counts were calculated using Firth’s penalized likelihood logistic regression.

For binary variables, odds ratios were calculated using the category shown in parentheses as the reference category. For continuous variables, odds ratios represent the change in odds associated with each unit increase specified in the category/unit column. ASA-PS: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification; ICG R15: Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; CONUT: Controlling nutritional status; MIH: Minimally invasive hepatectomy; Lap: Laparoscopic.