Association between preoperative serum zinc levels and postoperative infectious complications after minimally invasive hepatectomy: A retrospective cohort study

doi:10.4254/wjh.118905

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Jun 27, 2026; 18(6): 118905
Published online Jun 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.118905

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the total cohort and subgroups with and without infection, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variable	Category	Total (n = 182)	Infection
Variable	Category	Total (n = 182)	+ (n = 39)	- (n = 143)
Age (years)		67.84 ± 11.72	69.85 ± 10.68	67.29 ± 11.97
Sex	Male	102 (56.0)	26 (66.7)	76 (53.1)
Sex	Female	80 (44.0)	13 (33.3)	67 (46.9)
ASA-PS	0	2 (1.1)	0	2
	1	10 (5.5)	1	9
	2	157 (86.3)	35	122
	3	13 (7.1)	3	10
Chronic kidney disease	Presence	24 (13.2)	3 (7.7)	21 (14.7)
Diabetes mellitus	Presence	48 (26.4)	13 (33.3)	35 (24.5
Habitual smoking	Yes	54 (29.7)	14 (35.9	40 (28.0)
Habitual alcohol	Yes	55 (30.2)	10 (25.6)	45 (31.5)
Malignant status	Malignant	170 (93.4)	38 (97.4)	132 (92.3)
	Metastatic liver tumors	87 (47.8)	21 (53.8)	66 (46.2)
	HCC	63 (34.6)	13 (33.3)	50 (35.0)
	CCC	15 (8.2)	3 (7.7)	12 (8.4)
	Others	5 (2.7)	1 (2.6)	4 (2.8)
	Benign	12 (6.6)	1 (2.6)	11 (7.7)
Child-Pugh	A	178 (97.8)	38 (97.4)	140 (97.9)
Child-Pugh	B	4 (2.2)	1 (2.6)	3 (2.1)
ICG R15		10.0 (8.00-15.00)	10.0 (8.0-15.0)	10.0 (8.0-13.0)
Body mass index (kg/m²)		22.62 (20.37-24.86)	23.44 (20.24-24.53)	22.52 (20.48-25.02)
Albumin (g/dL)		4.05 (3.80-4.30)	4.00 (3.70-4.30)	4.10 (3.80-4.30)
Albumin (g/dL)	< 3.5	18 (9.9)	7 (17.9)	11 (7.7)
Albumin (g/dL)	≥ 3.5	164 (90.1)	32 (82.1)	132 (92.3)
PNI		47.00 (44.12-50.50)	48.0 (44.75-50.50)	47.0 (44.00-50.50)
PNI	< 45	53 (29.1)	10 (25.6)	43 (30.1)
PNI	≥ 45	129 (70.9)	29 (74.4)	100 (69.9)
Zn (μg/dL)		72.00 (63.00-80.10)	65.2 (57.05-76.25)	72.00 (63.00-80.10)
Zn (μg/dL)	< 80	132 (72.5)	34 (87.2)	98 (68.5)
Zn (μg/dL)	≥ 80	50 (27.5)	5 (12.8)	45 (31.5)
CONUT score		2.00 (1.00-2.00)	1.00 (0.00-6.00)	2.00 (0.00-6.00)
CONUT score	0-1	90 (49.5)	22 (56.4)	68 (47.6)
CONUT score	≥ 2	92 (50.5)	17 (43.6)	75 (52.4)
MIH approach	Laparoscopic	87 (47.8)	16 (41.0)	71 (49.7)
MIH approach	Robotic	95 (52.2)	23 (59.0)	72 (50.3)
Operative procedure	Anatomical resection	115 (63.2)	27 (69.2)	88 (61.5)
Operative procedure	Partial resection	67 (36.8)	12 (30.8)	55 (38.5)
Iwate criteria		6.00 (5.00-8.00)	7.00 (2.00-11.00)	6.00 (1.00-11.00)
Operative time (hour)		6.45 (4.50-7.97)	6.85 (5.50-8.52)	6.13 (4.28, 7.88)
Estimated blood loss (mL)		120.5 (61.3-284.5)	178.0 (83.0-445.5)	106.0 (55.00-261.5)

ASA-PS: American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status classification; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CCC: Cholangiocellular carcinoma; ICG R15: Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; CONUT: Controlling nutritional status; MIH: Minimally invasive hepatectomy.

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Citation: Murase H, Matsuo Y, Nakatani E, Denda Y, Nonoyama K, Kato T, Saito K, Sato T, Morimoto M, Yamakawa Y, Sagawa H, Takiguchi S. Association between preoperative serum zinc levels and postoperative infectious complications after minimally invasive hepatectomy: A retrospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(6): 118905
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i6/118905.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.118905

Murase H, Matsuo Y, Nakatani E, Denda Y, Nonoyama K, Kato T, Saito K, Sato T, Morimoto M, Yamakawa Y, Sagawa H, Takiguchi S. Association between preoperative serum zinc levels and postoperative infectious complications after minimally invasive hepatectomy: A retrospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(6): 118905 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.118905]

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