Differentiation of minimal and grade 1 hepatic encephalopathy using neurophysiological, neuropsychological, magnetic resonance spectroscopic, and systemic inflammatory parameters

Table 6 Univariate and multivariate regression analysis to identify significant risk factors of number of hospitalisations

Parameters	Univariate incidence rate ratio by the Poisson regression model		Multivariate incidence rate ratio
	Incidence rate ratio (95%CI)	P value	Incidence rate ratio (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.994 (0.973-1.015)	0.574
Hemoglobin	0.949 (0.846-1.063)	0.365
TLC	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.115
Platelet count	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.323
Blood urea	1.021 (1.004-1.039)	0.017	1.003 (0.979-1.028)	0.817
Creatinine	3.012 (1.502-6.039)	0.002	1.267 (0.433-3.709)	0.666
Total Protein	0.650 (0.501-0.843)	0.001	0.934 (0.667-1.309)	0.692
Serum albumin	0.548 (0.364-0.826)	0.004	0.825 (0.487-1.395)	0.472
Total bilirubin	1.056 (1.008-1.107)	0.023	0.989 (0.892-1.097)	0.836
AST	1.002 (1.000-1.005)	0.097
ALT	1.002 (0.997-1.007)	0.356
ALP	1.001 (0.998-1.004)	0.418
Na	0.961 (0.922-1.001)	0.056
K	0.923 (0.622-1.368)	0.689
INR	1.573 (1.094-2.262)	0.014
Serum ammonia	1.008 (1.003-1.013)	0.003	0.999 (0.990-1.009)	0.917
CFF	0.919 (0.876-0.965)	0.001	0.848 (0.875-1.026)	0.186
MELD	1.069 (1.035-1.104)	0.0001	1.068 (0.975-1.171)	0.157
Myoinositol peak	0.206 (0.059-0.721)	0.013	4.348 (0.411-46.003)	0.222
Choline peak	0.513 (0.206-1.280)	0.152
Glutamine peak	2.053 (1.190-3.542)	0.010	1.081 (0.496-2.357)	0.844
TNF-α	1.011 (1.005-1.017)	0.0004	1.005 (0.995-1.014)	0.345
IL-6	1.006 (1.002-1.009)	0.003	1.002 (0.997-1.07)	0.378
IL-18	1.001 (1.000-1.002)	0.007	1.000 (0.997-1.002)	0.817
Endotoxin	31.751 (4.610-218.657)	0.0004	0.356 (0.001-245.301)	0.757
IL-10	1.123 (1.056-1.194)	0.0002	1.035 (0.872-1.228)	0.698
IL-12	1.085 (1.038-1.134)	0.0003	0.713 (0.754-1.072)	0.024
IL-1β	1.103 (1.050-1.159)	0.0001	1.170 (0.971-1.411)	0.100
Gender
Female
Male	0.981 (0.514-1.873)	0.954
CTP grade
A
B	1.72E+08 (0.000-7.12E+88)	0.841
C	3.44E+08 (0.000-1.71E+101)	0.857
Grade of HE
No HE
Minimal HE	1.056 (0.467-2.386)	0.896
Grade 1 HE	2.45 (1.22-4.90)	0.012	2.1 (1.24-3.56)	0.006

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TLC: Total leukocyte count; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; INR: International normalized ratio; CFF: Critical flicker frequency; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; CTP: Child Turcotte Pugh; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy.