Laparoscopic microwave ablation for hepatic hemangiomas with different locations: A comparative study

Figure 3 Establishment of the gas-blood outflow channel. A: Prior to the initiation of each microwave ablation cycle, a gas-blood outflow channel is created using a standard microwave ablation needle. The specific depth of this channel is determined based on the maximum diameter of the hemangioma as measured from preoperative imaging, rather than a fixed length, to ensure tailored channel placement according to individual tumor characteristics (the depth is approximately half of the maximum diameter of the tumor); B: The blood flowing out of the channel, and the thermal oxygen bubbles caused by the heat conduction effect are observed.