Kaempferol attenuates diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice fed an Indian diet-mimicking regimen

Figure 2 Effect of kaempferol in Indian high fat diet model induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. A: Weekly body weight changes in mice fed the Indian high fat diet (HFD) for 8.5 weeks, followed by treatment with kaempferol or vitamin E on alternate days for 4 consecutive weeks. The kaempferol-treated group (blue line) demonstrates a marked reduction in body weight compared to the positive control group (green line); B: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score conducted in liver samples from control group, Indian HFD group, kaempferol group and vitamin E group confirms the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Indian HFD group and its alleviation in kaempferol treatment group; C-F: The histology images from control group, Indian HFD group, kaempferol group and vitamin E groups. All photomicrographs: Hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification 40 × (scale bar = 100 μm). All data’s represented in mean ± SD (n = 3), ^aP < 0.001 (control, micro-vesicular steatosis vs Indian HFD, micro-vesicular steatosis); ^bP < 0.0001 (control, macro-vesicular steatosis vs Indian HFD, macro-vesicular steatosis); ^cP < 0.0001 (control, lobular inflammation vs Indian HFD, lobular inflammation); ^dP < 0.001 (control, hepatocellular hypertrophy vs Indian HFD, hepatocellular hypertrophy); ^eP < 0.0001 (Indian HFD, macro-vesicular steatosis vs kaempferol-treated, macro-vesicular steatosis); ^fP < 0.001 (Indian HFD, lobular inflammation vs kaempferol-treated, lobular inflammation); ^gP < 0.01 (Indian HFD, hepatocellular hypertrophy vs kaempferol-treated, hepatocellular hypertrophy). KMF: Kaempferol; Vit: Vitamin E.