Kaempferol attenuates diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice fed an Indian diet-mimicking regimen

Figure 1 Optimization of in-house prepared Indian high fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. A: Change in body weight of C57BL/6J mice after consuming the in-house formulated Indian high fat diet (HFD); B: The concentration of transforming growth factor beta 1. Data represented in mean ± SD (n = 3), ^aP < 0.05 (control vs Indian HFD); C: Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections of mice fed with normal pellet diet and Indian HFD after 8.5 weeks of induction. All photomicrographs: Hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification 40 × (scale bar = 100 μm); D: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score conducted in liver samples of mice fed with normal pellet and Indian HFD group. Data represented in mean ± SD (n = 3), ^aP < 0.001 (control, micro-vesicular steatosis vs Indian HFD, micro-vesicular steatosis); ^bP < 0.001 (control, macro-vesicular steatosis vs Indian HFD, macro-vesicular steatosis); ^cP < 0.001 (control, lobular inflammation vs Indian HFD, lobular inflammation). HF: High fat; HFD: High fat diet; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor beta 1.