In-hospital mortality and dynamic modified end-stage liver disease score after emergency general surgery in patients with cirrhosis

Table 3 Postoperative management, complications, and outcomes of survivors vs non-survivors (n = 94), n (%)/mean ± SD

	Survivors (n = 65)	Non-survivors (n = 29)	P value
Postoperative management
ICU admission	36 (55)	29 (100)	< 0.001
Vasopressors	28 (43)	27 (93)	< 0.001
Treatment for SBP	8 (12)	9 (31)	0.03
HD/CRRT	3 (5)	9 (31)	< 0.001
Unplanned operative intervention	17 (26)	13 (45)	0.07
Surgical complications	23 (35)	5 (17)	0.08
Skin dehiscence	3 (56)	1 (8)	0.75
Fascial dehiscence	4 (7)	1 (6)	0.98
Surgical site infection	7 (11)	2 (7)	0.56
Superficial or deep/incisional hematoma	0 (0)	2 (7)	0.03
Intra-abdominal hematoma	7 (11)	6 (21)	0.20
Need for IR intervention	14 (22)	5 (17)	0.63
Non-surgical complications	37 (57)	28 (97)	< 0.001
Bacteremia	13 (20)	10 (35)	0.12
Sepsis	20 (31)	23 (79)	< 0.001
Urinary tract infection	4 (6)	3 (10)	0.48
VTE/PE	3 (5)	1 (3)	0.80
Myocardial infarction	0 (0)	1 (3)	0.13
Arrhythmia	4 (6)	6 (21)	0.04
AKI	26 (40)	24 (83)	< 0.001
Pulmonary effusions	9 (14)	11 (38)	0.01
Pneumonia	8 (12)	10 (35)	0.01
Heart failure	6 (9)	7 (24)	0.05
Postoperative outcomes
Hospital LOS	24 ± 27	32 ± 24	0.93
ICU LOS	10 ± 15	21 ± 29	0.02
Ventilator days	6 ± 12	23 ± 9	0.008
MELD at day of discharge/death, median (IQR)	11 (8-16)	33 (21-37)	< 0.001
Change in MELD score, median (IQR)	-2 (-4 to 0)	3 (0-9)	< 0.001
Discharge disposition			< 0.001
Home	36 (55)	0 (0)
Rehabilitation/skilled nursing facility	27 (42)	0 (0)
Hospice	2 (3)	0 (0)

AKI: Acute kidney injury; HD/CRRT: Hemodialysis/continuous renal replacement therapy; ICU: Intensive care unit; IQR: Interquartile range; IR: Interventional radiology; LOS: Length of stay; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; SBP: Secondary bacterial peritonitis; VTE/PE: Venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism.