In-hospital mortality and dynamic modified end-stage liver disease score after emergency general surgery in patients with cirrhosis

Table 2 Intraoperative and postoperative management of survivors vs non-survivors (n = 94), n (%)/mean ± SD

	Survivors (n = 65)	Non-survivors (n = 29)	P value
MELD on day of surgery, median (IQR)	13 (10-25)	23 (17-29)	< 0.001
Approach
Laparoscopic	12 (19)	0 (0)	0.04
Exploratory laparotomy	45 (69)	29 (100)	0.002
Laparoscopic converted to open	8 (12)	0 (0)	0.14
Operation(s) performed
Bowel resection	19 (29)	6 (21)	0.46
Hernia repair	13 (20)	1 (3)	0.06
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy	9 (14)	0 (0)	0.05
Open cholecystectomy	7 (11)	2 (7)	0.72
Laparoscopic appendectomy	3 (5)	0 (0)	0.55
Open appendectomy	2 (3)	0 (0)	0.48
Repair of gastric or duodenal ulcer	4 (6)	3 (10)	0.37
Intraoperative resuscitation at index case
pRBCs (units)	1 ± 2	6 ± 7	< 0.001
FFP (units)	1 ± 2	5 ± 6	< 0.001
Platelets (pack)	0.4 ± 1	0.9 ± 1	0.045
Cryoprecipitate (units)	0.1 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.7	0.002
Hemostatic agents used	14 ± 22	15 ± 52	0.003
Closure at index procedure
Open abdomen	19 ± 29	19 ± 66	0.01
Fascia only	5 ± 8	1 ± 3	0.99
Fascia and skin	41 ± 63	8 ± 28	0.01
Skin only	0 ± 0	1 ± 3	0.39
Postoperative management
Antibiotics	50 (77)	27 (93)	0.06
Antifungals	16 (25)	17 (59)	0.001
Diuretics	40 (62)	8 (28)	0.002
Paracentesis	9 (14)	5 (17)	0.67
Total number of operations	2 ± 2	3 ± 2	0.07
Days to final closure	3 ± 7	8 ± 14	0.03
Closure at final procedure
Open abdomen	0 (0)	12 (41)	< 0.001
Fascia only	11 (17)	4 (14)	0.99
Fascia and skin	48 (74)	11 (38)	0.01
Skin only	3 (5)	1 (3)	0.99
Fascial bridge closure	3 (5)	1 (3)	0.99

FFP: Fresh frozen plasma; IQR: Interquartile range; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; pRBCs: Packed red blood cells.