In-hospital mortality and dynamic modified end-stage liver disease score after emergency general surgery in patients with cirrhosis

Table 1 Demographics, preoperative cirrhosis characteristics, preoperative laboratory values, and operative indications among survivors vs non-survivors (n = 94), n (%)/mean ± SD

	Survivors (n = 65)	Non-survivors (n = 29)	P value
Age	56 ± 10	60 ± 13	0.21
Female	11 (17)	8 (28)	0.23
Race			0.48
White/Caucasian	40 (62)	16 (55)
Black/African American	19 (29)	10 (35)
Hispanic	4 (6)	2 (7)
Asian	2 (3)	0 (0)
CCI, median (IQR)	4 (3-7)	5 (3-8)	0.05
Etiology of cirrhosis			0.07
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	40 (62)	14 (48)
Hepatitis B	0 (0)	2 (7)
Hepatitis C	16 (25)	3 (10)
NAFLD	1 (2)	2 (7)
Cirrhosis characteristics
Ascites	46 (71)	23 (79)	0.39
Encephalopathy	10 (15)	12 (41)	0.006
History of TIPS	4 (6)	0 (0)	0.17
Childs-Pugh class
Class A	17 (26)	2 (7)	0.02
Class B	37 (57)	9 (31)	0.04
Class C	11 (17)	18 (62)	< 0.001
MELD on admission, median (IQR)	13 (10-22)	26 (18-30)	< 0.001
INR	1.4 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 1.7	< 0.001
Preoperative critical illness indicators
ICU admission	19 (30)	24 (83)	< 0.001
Vasopressors	9 (14)	22 (76)	< 0.001
HD/CRRT	1 (2)	3 (10)	0.05
Laboratory values
White blood cells (× 1000 cells per uL)	10 ± 6	14 ± 8	0.02
Platelets (× 1000 per uL)	168 ± 134	165 ± 125	0.92
Ammonia (ug/dL)	44 ± 78	71 ± 107	0.32
Lactate (mmol/L)	3 ± 3	8 ± 6	< 0.001
Indication for operative intervention			0.002
Acute appendicitis	4 ± 6	0 ± 0
Acute cholecystitis	13 ± 20	3 ± 10
Acute diverticulitis	0 ± 0	1 ± 3
Hernia	16 ± 25	1 ± 3
Infectious colitis	0 ± 0	3 ± 10
Small bowel obstruction	3 ± 5	0 ± 0
Bowel ischemia	8 ± 12	3 ± 10
Acute pancreatitis	3 ± 5	1 ± 3
Perforated peptic ulcer disease	3 ± 5	3 ± 10
Abdominal compartment syndrome	0 ± 0	3 ± 10
Hemorrhage	4 ± 6	4 ± 14
Pneumoperitoneum/pneumatosis	3 ± 5	4 ± 14

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; HD/CRRT: Hemodialysis/continuous renal replacement therapy; ICU: Intensive care unit; INR: International normalized ratio; IQR: Interquartile range; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.