Impact of two-session fecal microbiota transplantation on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis

Figure 4 Functional analysis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy responders and non-responders in the fecal microbiota transplantation group. A and B: Differential abundance analysis using edgeR (P-adjusted < 0.05). Principal component analysis plot comparing minimal hepatic encephalopathy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) (A). Heatmap displaying the 36 differentially enriched metabolic pathways between R and NR, represented by Z scores (B); C: Heatmap showing the proportion of individuals testing positive for antimicrobial resistance genes among donors, baseline (fecal microbiota transplantation and lactulose), after 3 months (R and NR) for both fecal microbiota transplantation and lactulose. The Y-axis represents the different antimicrobial resistance genes, and the X-axis represents the various groups. R: Responders; NR: Non-responders; PC: Principal component; FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation; NDM: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase; CTX.M: Cefotaxime-Munich; KPC: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; TEM: Temoniera; Cat:; AAC: Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase; Sul2: Sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase 2; oqxa: Olaquindox resistance efflux pump subunit A; OXA: Oxacillinase; Tet: Tetracycline resistance gene/protei; aadA: Aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase A; sul1: Sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase 1; ermB: Erythromycin ribosome methylase B; dfrA: Dihydrofolate reductase A; qnrS: Quinolone resistance gene S; mphA: Macrolide phosphotransferase A.