Impact of two-session fecal microbiota transplantation on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis

Figure 3 Alpha diversity and taxonomic abundance comparisons in donors, fecal microbiota transplantation, and lactulose groups. A-D: Alpha diversity metrics (Observed, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) comparing microbiota diversity across different groups: Donor, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) baseline, after 3 months (n = 37), lactulose baseline, and after 3 months (n = 46). The Boxplots show the median, interquartile range, and individual data points (differences among groups, P > 0.05, Tukey-HSD test, non-parametric test); E: A heat map illustrating taxonomic abundance and comparisons among donors, minimal hepatic encephalopathy responders, and non-responders in the FMT and Lactulose groups after 3 months; F-H: Box plots showing the mean relative abundance of (%) of Bifidobacterium (P = 0.02, t-test), Escherichia (P = 0.20, t-test), and Enterococcus (P = 0.37, t-test) between responders and non-responders after 3 months in FMT group. FMT_0: Fecal microbiota transplantation baseline; FMT_3M: Fecal microbiota transplantation after 3 months; Lactulose_0: Lactulose baseline; Lactulose_3M: Lactulose after 3 months; R: Responders; NR: Non-responders.