Induction with anti-T-lymphocyte globulins and human immunoglobulins: A strategy for hyperimmunized liver transplant patients

Table 1 Recipient and donor characteristics at the time of transplantation, n (%)/mean ± SD

	High-risk group (n = 46)	Low-risk group (n = 46)	P value
Recipient characteristics
Gender
Female	31 (67.4)	29 (63.0)	0.66
Male	15 (32.6)	17 (37.0)
Age (years)	47.6 ± 14.5	49.6 ± 15.9	0.52
BMI (kg/m2)	25.8 ± 4.9	25.8 ± 6.8	0.96
Pre-transplant cardiovascular disease
Hypertension	13 (28.3)	14 (30.4)	0.82
Diabetes mellitus	9 (19.6)	13 (28.3)	0.33
History for smoking	12 (26.1)	15 (32.6)	0.53
Brinkman index for smoking
0	34 (73.9)	31 (67.4)
201-400	8 (17.4)	9 (19.6)
> 400	4 (8.7)	6 (13.0)
Chronic kidney disease1	6 (13.0)	2 (0.04)	0.12
Waiting time on waiting list (months)	5.2 ± 7.5	6.9 ± 7.34	0.26
MELD score	21.6 ± 9.4	19.9 ± 11.0	0.45
Child-Pugh score			0.26
A	2 (4.3)	6 (13.0)
B	23 (50.0)	24 (52.2)
C	21 (45.7)	16 (34.8)
History of previous liver transplant	8 (17.4)	2 (4.3)	0.04
Indication of transplant			0.94
HCC	11 (23.9)	13 (28.3)
Biliary cirrhosis	8 (17.4)	11 (23.9)
Alcohol associated cirrhosis	5 (10.9)	5 (10.9)
Viral hepatitis cirrhosis	4 (8.7)	3 (6.5)
Vascular cirrhosis2	5 (10.9)	1 (2.2)
Acute fulminant hepatitis	3 (6.5)	3 (6.5)
MASH cirrhosis	3 (6.5)	3 (6.5)
Chronic rejection	2 (4.3)	2 (4.3)
Autoimmune cirrhosis	2 (4.3)	2 (4.3)
Others	3 (6.5)	3 (6.5)
Transplant type			0.04
Deceased donor	42 (91.3)	46 (100.0)
Living donor	4 (8.7)	0 (0.0)
Transplant duration (minutes)	455.2 ± 126.5	441.5 ± 122.2	0.60
Cold ischemia time (minutes)	408.5 ± 151.9	454.1 ± 150.5	0.15
Donor characteristics
Gender			0.14
Female	28 (60.9)	21 (45.7)
Male	18 (39.1)	25 (54.3)
Age (years)	54.3 ± 21.6	52.5 ± 23.3	0.70
BMI (kg/m2)	25.7 ± 4.4	24.9 ± 4.9	0.38
CMV mismatch			0.06
D-/R-	2 (4.3)	11 (23.9)
D-/R+	14 (30.4)	11 (23.9)
D+/R-	14 (30.4)	11 (23.9)
D+/R+	16 (34.8)	13 (28.3)

¹Chronic kidney disease: Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/minute for ≥ 3 months.

²Within the high-risk group, vascular cirrhosis etiologies included Budd-Chiari syndrome (n = 2), sickle cell anemia (n = 2), and porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (n = 1); the low-risk group had one case of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

High SD is due to presence of outliers. BMI: Body mass index; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; D: Donor; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; MASH: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; R: Recipient.