Clinical burden of physical frailty in patients evaluated for liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable regression analysis for the continuous liver frailty index and clinical outcomes

Total cohort (n = 266)	Continuous LFI median (IQR)	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
		Beta value/co-efficient (SE)	OR (95%CI)	P value	Beta value/co-efficient (SE)	OR (95%CI)	P value
Pre transplant
LT recipient		-0.47 (0.19)	0.63 (0.44-0.90)	0.010	-0.62 (0.21)	0.54 (0.36-0.81)	0.003
Yes (n = 144)	3.6 (3.3-4.0)
No (n = 122)	3.8 (3.4-4.2)
Unplanned hospital admission		0.85 (0.20)	2.34 (1.56-3.49)	< 0.001	0.52 (0.22)	1.69 (1.09-2.62)	0.020
No (n = 161)	3.6 (3.2-3.9)
Yes (n = 105)	3.9 (3.5-4.3)
Early post-transplant complications
Grade ≥ 3 post op complication1,2		0.37 (0.26)	1.45 (0.87-2.41)	0.200	0.71 (0.30)	1.19 (0.66-2.12)	0.600
No (n = 72)	3.5 (3.1-4.0)
Yes (n = 72)	3.7 (3.4-4.1)
ICU LOS > 4 days3		0.87 (0.48)	2.38 (0.94-6.05)	0.070	1.17 (0.56)	3.24 (1.06-9.85)	0.040
No (n = 129)	3.6 (3.3-4.0)
Yes (n = 13)	3.9 (3.5-4.8)
Hospital LOS > 18 days3		0.77 (0.35)	2.16 (1.09-4.28)	0.030	0.68 (0.39)	1.98 (0.92-4.26)	0.080
No (n = 114)	3.5 (3.2-4.0)
Yes (n = 28)	3.8 (3.6-4.2)

¹Clavien-Dindo classification (category 3; requirement for re-operation, category 4; requirement for extended intensive care unit stay or ventilation in intensive care unit, category 5; death).

²n = 144 including 2 who died during transplant but have been included in transplant complications.

³n = 142.

The analysis represents a 10 points change in the liver frailty index score. P values are reported to three decimal places, with P < 0.001 shown for values below this threshold. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for cofounders of age, sex, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma and model for end-stage liver disease score. LFI: Liver frailty index; IQR: Interquartile range; LT: Liver transplantation; LOS: Length of stay; ICU: Intensive care unit; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.