Clinical burden of physical frailty in patients evaluated for liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study

doi:10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.114279

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2026; 18(3): 114279
Published online Mar 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.114279

Table 2 Liver frailty index and frailty categories (robust, pre-frail, frail) across demographic and clinical characteristics, n (%)

Characteristic grouping	Median LFI (IQR)	P value	Robust	Pre-frail	Frail	P value
Categorical variables
With HCC (n = 73)	3.5 (3.2-3.8)	< 0.001	23 (46)	45 (25)	5 (14)	0.002
Without HCC (n = 193)	3.8 (3.4-4.2)	< 0.001	27 (54)	134 (75)	32 (86)	0.002
Well nourished (n = 179)	3.5 (3.2-3.9)	< 0.001	45 (90)	122 (68)	12 (32)	< 0.001
Moderately-severely malnourished (n = 87)	4.2 (3.7-4.6)	< 0.001	5 (10)	57 (32)	25 (68)	< 0.001
Type two diabetes (n = 64)	3.9 (3.5-4.3)	0.020	4 (8)	47 (26)	13 (35)	0.007
No type two diabetes (n = 202)	3.6 (3.2-4.0)	0.020	46 (92)	132 (74)	24 (65)	0.007
Male (n = 199)	3.7 (3.3-4.1)	0.750	39 (78)	131 (73)	29 (78)	0.680
Female (n = 67)	3.8 (3.3-4.2)	0.750	11 (22)	48 (27)	8 (22)	0.680
Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) (n = 89)	3.8 (3.4-4.2)	0.210	14 (28)	59 (33)	16 (43)	0.320
Non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m²) (n = 177)	3.6 (3.3-4.1)	0.210	36 (72)	120 (67)	21 (57)	0.320
Continuous variables
MELD score, median (IQR)	-	-	12 (9-16)	16 (11-19)	19 (15-23)	< 0.001
Age (years), median (IQR)	-	-	57 (49-63)	58 (50-62)	60 (51-64)	0.270
Dry weight (kg), median (IQR)	-	-	82 (73-95)	83 (71-100)	85 (75-101)	0.770

P values are reported to three decimal places, with P < 0.001 shown for values below this threshold. IQR: Interquartile range; LFI: Liver frailty index; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; BMI: Body mass index; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease.

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Citation: Johnston HE, Mayr HE, Andelkovic ME, Takefala TG, Chen Y, Thrift AP, Hickman IJ, Macdonald GA. Clinical burden of physical frailty in patients evaluated for liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(3): 114279
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i3/114279.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.114279

Johnston HE, Mayr HE, Andelkovic ME, Takefala TG, Chen Y, Thrift AP, Hickman IJ, Macdonald GA. Clinical burden of physical frailty in patients evaluated for liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(3): 114279 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i3.114279]

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