Immunogenetic and molecular biomarkers in COVID-19 and hepatitis C virus infection: Evaluating the diagnostic potential of HLA (rs1131500), IGF-2, and I-FABP

Figure 3 Heatmaps representing Pearson correlation coefficients among insulin-like growth factor 2, intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein, and interferon-gamma (all measured in ng/L) in the hepatitis C virus-coronavirus disease 2019 coinfected group, coronavirus disease 2019 group, and hepatitis C virus group. Each cell shows the strength and direction of the correlation between pairs of biomarkers, with color intensity indicating correlation magnitude (blue: Negative, red: Positive). While most correlations were weak and not statistically significant, a borderline significant positive correlation was observed between intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein and interferon-γ in the coronavirus disease-2019 group (r = 0.261, P = 0.050). HCV: Hepatitis C virus; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; IFN: Interferon; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; I-FABP: Intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein.